Importance of the southernmost and northernmost point of india.

The southernmost point of India, Indira Point on Great Nicobar Island, holds immense strategic and geopolitical importance due to its proximity to the vital Strait of Malacca, a major global maritime trade route. It enhances India's naval reach and supports its Act East Policy, while also serving as a key location for maritime security and upcoming infrastructure projects like the Great Nicobar transshipment port. Ecologically, it is part of a rich biodiversity hotspot, though vulnerable to climate change and sea-level rise. On the other hand, the northernmost point of India, Indira Col in the Karakoram Range, lies near the sensitive tri-junction of India, China, and Pakistan. It is of crucial strategic importance as it provides surveillance over Gilgit-Baltistan and Aksai Chin and is close to the Siachen Glacier—the highest battlefield in the world—where India maintains a permanent military presence. Together, these extremities not only define the vast territorial expanse of India but also reflect its geopolitical, military, and ecological priorities.